WE ARE ONLY SPACE

BOOK 9.1 Introduction  ....................................................................................................... 63 9.2 The Gauss’s law .. 63  ................................................................................................ 63 9.3 Rest and motion.  ............................................................................................... 64 64 9.4 Bipolarity  .......................................................................................................... 64 . 64 9.5 The magnetic monopole. Electron, or positron?  . ............................................. 65 9.6 Conclusion  ........................................................................................................ 66 . 66 In this section, we will see how the electron spin is the cause of the generation of the magnetic field, thus, the magnetic monopole is the electron. 9.1 Introduction A magnetic monopole is a particle with ...

BOOK 8.1 Introduction  ....................................................................................................................... 47 . 47 8.2. Newton and the motion of celestial bodies . 48  ...................................................................... 48 8.3. The Bohr atom. 49  ................................................................................................................ 49 8.4 Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and Bohr atomic model 51  ............................................. 51 8.5 Hydrogen atom and the Pauli exclusion principle . 53  ............................................................ 53 8.6 Helium atom .. 54  ..................................................................................................................... 54 8.7 Configuration and electron orbits  ...................................................................................... 54     ...

BOOK 7.1 Introduction  ......................................................................................................... 43 . 43 7.2 The vacuum permittivity e 0 . 44  .................................................................................44 7.3 The fine structure constant a .. 45  ................................................................................45 7.4 Conclusion . 46  ............................................................................................................46 All of the fundamental constants used in the current physics theories may be calculated according to the speed of light. Some of those constants, such as electrons mass and charge as well as the first generation quarks have been calculated earlier.             In this section, we will calculate the vacuum permittivity e 0 and the fine structure constant a , which are necessary to determine t...

BOOK 6.1. Introduction . 49  ............................................................................. 49 6.2 Mass and charge of the up and down quarks   . 49 ............................. 49 6.3 Formation of the up and down quarks   . 50 ....................................... 50        Formation of the down quark    . 51 ................................................... 51        Formation of the up quark   . 51 ........................................................ 51 6.4 Up and down antiquarks   . 52 ........................................................... 52 6.5 Conclusion . 52   ................................................................................ 52 In the standard model of the particle physics the up and down quarks together with the electrons are the fundamental constituents of the matter. The up and down quarks are not free in the nature but are combined to...